Problem 12 (300pts): QueenAnt

Finally, implement the QueenAnt. The queen is a waterproof ScubaThrower that inspires her fellow ants through her bravery. In addition to the standard ScubaThrower action, the QueenAnt doubles the damage of all the ants behind her each time she performs an action. Once an ant's damage has been doubled, it is not doubled again for subsequent turns.

Note: The reflected damage of a FireAnt should not be doubled, only the extra damage it deals when its health is reduced to 0.

	Class	Food Cost	Health
	QueenAnt	7	1

However, with great power comes great responsibility. The QueenAnt is governed by three special rules:

1. If the queen ever has its health reduced to 0, the ants lose. You will need to override Ant.reduce_health in QueenAnt and call ants_lose() in that case in order to signal to the simulator that the game is over. (The ants also still lose if any bee reaches the end of a tunnel.)
2. There can be only one queen. A second queen cannot be constructed. To check if an Ant can be constructed, we use the Ant.construct() class method to either construct an Ant if possible, or return None if not. You will need to override Ant.construct as a class method of QueenAnt in order to add this check. To keep track of whether a queen has already been created, you can use an instance variable added to the current GameState.
3. The queen cannot be removed. Attempts to remove the queen should have no effect (but should not cause an error). You will need to override Ant.remove_from in QueenAnt to enforce this condition.

Hint 1: For doubling the damage of all ants behind her, you may fill out the buff method defined in the Ant class. The buff method can be used within the appropriate QueenAnt instance method. To avoid doubling an ant's damage twice, mark the ants that have been double damaged in a way that persists across calls to QueenAnt.action.

Hint 2: When doubling the ants' damage, keep in mind that there can be more than one ant in a Place, such as if one ant is guarding another.

Hint 3: Remember that QueenAnt's reduce_health method adds the additional task of calling ants_lose to the superclass's reduce_health method. How can we make sure we still do everything from the superclass's method without repeating code?

Hint 4: Think about how you can call the construct method of the superclass of QueenAnt. Remember that you ultimately want to construct a QueenAnt, not a regular Ant or a ScubaThrower.

Note: The construct method has cls as an argument. This functions similar to how we use self in instance methods. So when we call a class method, we do not need to call it with cls as an argument. To read more about class methods. check out this online guide about cls vs.self.

Hint 5: You can find each Place in a tunnel behind the QueenAnt by starting at the ant's place.exit and then repeatedly following its exit. The exit of a Place at the end of a tunnel is None.

Before writing any code, unlock the tests to verify your understanding of the question:

$ python ok -q 12 -u

Once you are done unlocking, begin implementing your solution. You can check your correctness with:

$ python ok -q 12